When manufacturing metal structures, it is important to choose the right processing technology for workpieces. One of the most demanded operations in blacksmithing is metal punching, which allows you to create holes of various shapes and sizes. This is a technological operation in which holes, grooves or decorative holes are formed in a metal billet using pressure and a special tool. In blacksmithing, this processing method is used in the manufacture of gates, fences, railings, grilles, gates, stairs and other structures. Unlike drilling, punching does not remove metal in the form of chips, but deforms under the influence of a punch or punch.
The method allows you to obtain both ordinary holes for fasteners and elements of complex shape. The choice of technology depends on the thickness of the workpiece, the grade of metal, the required accuracy and the nature of the future product. For artistic forging, it is especially important to maintain the strength of the material and obtain a neat hole geometry.
The main methods of metal punching
Depending on the processing temperature, hot, warm or cold punching is used. Hot technology is used primarily for massive forged parts. The metal is preheated, after which it becomes more ductile and easier to deform. This reduces the required force and reduces the likelihood of cracks.
Cold punching is used for relatively thin workpieces and serial decorative elements. It does not require preheating and can be performed on pressing equipment using dies. This option is convenient in the manufacture of repeating holes and shaped holes.
- Hot punching — suitable for massive parts and most operations with a heated steel billet.
- Warm punching is used as an intermediate option when processing materials prone to cracking.
- Cold punching is used for thin metal, decorative elements and serial parts.
- Curly punching — allows you to get holes in the form of diamonds, leaves, flowers, drops and other decorative elements.
Manual punchers, mandrels, mechanical and hydraulic presses are used to perform the operation. For single production or artistic forging, a hand tool may be sufficient. If it is necessary to produce a large number of identical parts, the use of a press and special tooling allows you to increase productivity and ensure a more stable geometry.
Where metal punching is used
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