Rolled copper in the modern energy industry: an indispensable element of reliable networks
In the context of the global transition to energy-efficient technologies, the demand for high-quality non-ferrous metal products continues to grow. Despite attempts to introduce alternative materials, copper remains the "gold standard" in electrical engineering due to its unique combination of high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
A key role in energy distribution
Current lines are the heart of any transformer substation or switchboard. The quality of the material from which they are made directly affects the loss of electricity during transmission. Copper has a resistivity of 0.0172 ohms·mm2/m, which is almost 1.6 times lower than that of aluminum.
This physical property makes it possible to design more compact and powerful assemblies: with the same conductor cross-section, the copper part is able to pass significantly more current without critical overheating.
Material requirements: why the M1 brand is important
Oxygen-free copper or high-purity copper grades M1 and M1T (solid) are mainly used in critical units. The presence of impurities in the alloy, even in tenths of a percent, can dramatically reduce electrical conductivity.
The main semi-finished product for mounting power circuits is an electrical copper busbar. It is a strip of rectangular cross-section, made according to GOST 434-78. The products are classified according to the condition of the material:
- SHMM (soft) — used where plasticity of installation is important;
- SMT (solid) — is used for rigid joints, where the mechanical strength of the structure is important.
Application and operation
Copper busbars are indispensable in the creation of busbars, contacts of high-voltage switches and linear accelerators. Unlike aluminum, copper forms a protective oxide film on the surface, which is not a dielectric to the same extent as aluminum oxide, and does not destroy the contact joint over time.
An additional advantage is the high thermal conductivity of copper, which allows efficient heat removal from the contact area, preventing emergencies during peak loads.
Conclusion
The choice between cheapness and reliability in the energy sector is increasingly being made in favor of the latter. High-quality rolled copper ensures the durability of equipment (up to 50 years of service) and the stability of power systems. When purchasing materials, it is important to require certificates of conformity with chemical composition, since the use of second-rate raw materials in electrical engineering is unacceptable.