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What is the composition of stainless steel?

Metallurgy

In fact, today, in the production of stainless steel, it is possible to obtain metal with the parameters required for specific operating conditions.

What is the composition of stainless steel?

They say that we are what each of us eats. To be honest, it probably is. Or here's another example: no matter how experienced, skillful and titled the coach of a football team, it is almost impossible to win any significant tournament without a decent squad. Something similar comes to mind when looking at the amazing performance characteristics of stainless steel. After all, such alloys owe their amazing anticorrosion resistance and other properties primarily to their chemical composition. In fact, today, in the production of stainless steel, it is possible to obtain metal with the parameters required for specific operating conditions. Alloying allows you to change the percentage of chemical elements that make up the alloy. So, using various additives, you can enhance the existing abilities or give the material new opportunities, for example:

  • Make steel heat-resistant and heat-resistant.
  • Make not be "afraid" of the impact of aggressive environments .
  • To obtain a chemically inert alloy, which is indispensable in the food industry.
  • To increase strength, which will allow the use of rolled steel and stainless steel products for the manufacture of reliable structural elements.

That is, in fact, it is possible, as in the designer, to set the necessary metal parameters for use in a particular industry or construction. For example, the same stainless pipe can become food, acid-resistant, heat-resistant or become a representative of one of the technical brands by the efforts of process engineers. Let's find out what chemical elements are included in the composition of stainless steel, and how ordinary carbon steel suddenly acquires such amazing properties.

In addition to iron and carbon, silicon , manganese, sulfur, phosphorus and other impurities. The carbon content is high enough, therefore, such steels are called carbon steels. But stainless steel gets its remarkable characteristics due to alloying with chromium in an amount of at least 13%. It is chromium that causes steel to obtain anti-corrosion properties.

In truth, such a chemical element, like a caring father, covers the surface of the metal with a thin and reliable protective layer of chromium oxide. As you know, when interacting with oxygen contained in the air, iron reacts with it. As a result, iron oxide is formed, which has a lower density than the parent material. This is how rust familiar to everyone appears - brown-red, which everyone has seen at least once. Actually, this is iron oxide.

Over time, rust completely corrodes the structure of the metal, like termites devouring wood. And stainless steel has a "patron" - chromium. Its surface is covered with a thin film of its oxide, so the process of iron oxidation is not terrible for such alloys.

Not only chromium helps stainless steel become itself

Stainless steel is classified as heavily alloyed alloys. Moreover, it contains both iron and various non-ferrous metals. In fact, the proportion of iron and non-ferrous alloying additives is approximately the same.

In general, chromium, like manganese, is also classified as a ferrous metal. But stainless steel does not belong to any type of alloy. It is simply unique - to match its outstanding technical characteristics.

What other chemical elements are included in stainless steel? To name just a few of them, for example:

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