Forging is the process of forming metal by force, which changes its shape. This is one of the oldest metalworking methods, which is actively used in mechanical engineering, aviation, construction and other industries. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, which are important to consider when choosing the appropriate technology for specific operating conditions.
Hot forging
Hot forging is a process in which metal is heated to high temperatures (usually above 1100°C) to become ductile and easy to process. This process significantly reduces the effort required to shape the metal. When heated, the metal becomes more ductile, which makes it easier to process and allows you to create more complex shapes. After hot forging, the metal has improved mechanical properties such as increased strength and durability due to the recrystallization process. High temperatures during the forging process can reduce internal stresses in the metal, which significantly improves its performance. Hot forging allows you to create complex and large parts that can be used in various industries, such as automotive, construction, and aviation.
Significant energy consumption is required to heat the metal to the desired temperature, which increases the cost of production. Hot forging requires the use of specialized furnaces to heat the metal and powerful presses or hammers for forming, which also increases the cost of the process. Some metals, such as titanium and stainless steel, can be difficult to forge at high temperatures, requiring additional steps during the machining process.
Cold forging
Cold forging is a process in which metal is processed at or near room temperature. This method is used to improve the properties of materials, such as increasing strength and hardness. Cold forging allows you to create parts with high precision and surface quality. This method is ideal for the production of small and medium-complex parts such as gears, shafts and various components for mechanical engineering. There is no need to heat the metal, which reduces energy consumption and reduces processing time. Due to working with the material at room temperature, the metal undergoes deformation, which improves its mechanical properties such as hardness and wear resistance. Cold forging requires less specialized equipment compared to hot forging, which makes this method more economical.
Cold forging is limited
