siderurgy — one of the basic and most important industries of Russia, providing about 5% of the total GDP. Revenue of the largest steel plants is formed not only through sales in the domestic market to 45% of production is exported. On the one hand, in the fall of the ruble due to falling global oil prices, the Russian companies can increase their profit per unit products, as well as it did in 2014, but in terms of the restrictions imposed due to the spread of the coronavirus worldwide, rely on exports will now be difficult. Analysts say that while market uncertainty prevails, but the deterioration in the short term is inevitable. Depending on how the beginning of the crisis impact on situation in the Russian and world economy by the end of 2021, the industry will lose from 5 to 15% of its current volume.
Dynamics of development of Russian market of ferrous metallurgy in the preceding period
Analysis of revenue by leading players for 2008-2018 shows that the effects of the previous two crisis periods XXI < / span>century for the market of ferrous metallurgy of Russia were diametrically opposed. The reason for this different sources of instability of the economic situation, which was reflected in the structure of consumption of cast iron, steel and rolled products of the Russian manufacture:
- the crisis of 2008-2009 affected most developed countries and has led to a sharp drop in demand for ferrous metals. As a result, world prices have fallen to 2007 levels (i.e. 2-3 times), and the total revenue of the six largest Russian metallurgical plants dropped by 40%. The market recovered after that 3 years, 2008 was achieved and exceeded in 2011;
- in 2014-2015, the main factor for the turbulence were purely Russian economic problems associated with imposition of sanctions and almost two-fold fall of the ruble. With decreasing domestic demand and lower world prices total sales volume of the leading Russian players in 2014 increased by 12%, and in 2015 — by 16%.
- Western Europe — stopped 8 blast furnaces with a total capacity of about 15 million tons per year, about 30 rolling, tube and mini-plants;
- Turkey — idle or slowed down most of the factories for the production of long products;
- US — stopped steel production and factories that produce pipe for the oil industry;
- China — the decline in production of iron and steel in February and March was minimal, therefore in the warehouses of the manufacturers accumulated large stocks. In order to implement them, production will temporarily have to suspend;
- India — almost all leading manufacturers have reduced the loading of their capacity to use the minimum number of personnel.
- Optimistic. Implemented if to stop the spread of coronavirus, which will be in the next few months. The demand for products of metallurgical plants will increase as the recovery in the global markets. Performance of the industry after a small fall in 2020 will go towards growth, by 2022, reach the current level.
- Pessimistic. Pandemic coronavirus will be delayed until mid-late 2020, stop production of enterprises will continue, which may cause the global financial crisis. The consumption of ferrous metals by the end of 2021 will decrease by 15%, and then begin to rise slowly.
- Basic. In General, the graph repeats the dynamics of the pessimistic scenario, but the rate of decline in 2020 and 2021 will be lower — the maximum decrease the consumption will be 10%, and in 2022, the market is slightly higher than those of 2016.
in Fairness it should be noted that alarm bells regarding global consumption of iron and steel was heard, and in 2014 — in China, consuming about half of all ferrous metals in the world, unexpectedly fell domestic demand. In relative terms, the decline was small — only 4%, but given the huge amount of the Chinese market, the unclaimed surplus has had a significant pressure on world prices, which in 2015 fell to a 13-year low.
However, the subsequent trade war, primarily between China and the United States, again improved market conditions, and revenues of the Russian metallurgists continued strong growth.
Thus, we can assume that in the unfolding crisis 2020, the steel industry will develop rather according to the script 2008 — pandemic coronavirus captured almost all of Europe and the United States (the main directions of export of ferrous metals from Russia, Turkey, USA, China and EU countries), and the rate of decline of the ruble is significantly lower than in 2014-2015.
the Current situation on the world market
at the beginning of April 2020 almost all of the country — consumers of ferrous metallurgy products began to close their production:
Closures accompanied by a price collapse. If the situation does not soon improve, the process of production cuts will continue in the second half of 2020, and in early 2021
the expectations of Russian producers
According to analysts, the Russian market is still can be considered relatively stable, since the real sector is not yet affected. The largest smelters are operating normally and declare their readiness to go through hard times due to the available of own resources.
MMK does not experience difficulties with the supply of raw materials, necessary equipment and spare parts. In the short term holding specialists predict a balance of domestic and world prices, the Russian metallurgical companies have announced to raise prices in April by 10-15%.
MMK, like some other companies, uses the period of forced measures of isolation for routine equipment repairs that involve the minimum number of people.
Representatives of the Novolipetsk metallurgical combine announced the revision of the investment program downward. However, it is noted that the current liquidity level of the company creates a sufficient safety margin for trouble-free operation.
In the company "Severstal" optimistic about another depreciation of the ruble, which gives export-oriented manufacturers an additional competitive advantage in foreign markets. At the same time, exchange rate fluctuations in the long term cannot be considered as a development factor, therefore, Cherepovets metallurgists expect a quick recovery of the Russian and world economy.
Forecast of development of Russian market by 2020-2022 gg.
Dynamics of production and consumption in the market of ferrous metallurgy in Russia will depend on further developments. The biggest factor of uncertainty making the pandemic coronavirus that has spread to many countries — consumers of steel and cast iron. A potential driver of growth could be the recovery of the industry of China, which officially declared about overcoming the peak of morbidity and a significant improvement of the epidemiological situation.
On the basis of the conducted research was built three forecast scenarios of changes in the volume of the market until 2022:
According to experts, in present conditions, the advantage will go to companies with a broader range of products and closely related to the main sectors of consumption. In the absence of alternative lines of business attempts to diversify the product portfolio will require time and resources to the study of market alternatives and the reorientation of production.
