Toothed belts are used in drives where precise motion transmission without slippage is required. They are used in packaging equipment, machine tools, automatic lines, metering systems and other components where it is important to keep the shafts synchronized under any load. At the same time, the timing belt is sensitive to the setting and geometry of the drive, so selection errors quickly lead to wear.
The key parameter of the timing belt is the pitch of the tooth. It determines the compatibility of the belt with the pulleys and the permissible load. Even with the same belt width, a mismatch in pitch makes the transmission unusable. Visually, such belts may be similar, but in fact they are not interchangeable. Using a belt with an incorrect pitch leads to uneven engagement and tooth destruction.
The tooth profile affects the load distribution and noise level. Trapezoidal profiles are used in classical solutions, but curved shapes are more often used at high loads and speeds. They ensure a smoother tooth engagement and reduce stress concentration. Incorrect profile selection increases wear even when properly tensioned.
The tension of the timing belt plays a critical role. Unlike V-belts, it is impossible to compensate for errors by self-tightening. Insufficient tension causes the teeth to jump, especially when starting under load. Excessive tension overloads the bearings and accelerates the fatigue failure of the belt cord.
The alignment of the pulleys requires special attention. The gear transmission does not tolerate misalignment, as the load is unevenly distributed among the teeth. Even a slight angular misalignment causes increased wear on one side of the belt and gradual destruction of the edges.
When selecting and installing the timing belt, it is necessary to take into account:
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The pitch and profile of the tooth corresponding to the pulleys
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Belt width and permissible load
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Recommended tension and its control method
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Installation accuracy and shaft parallelism
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Operating mode and frequency of starts
A typical mistake is using a belt "according to size" without checking the profile and pitch. The second common problem is belt replacement without assessing the condition of the pulleys. A worn pulley profile quickly destroys a new belt, even if it is fitted correctly.
It is also important to consider the operating conditions. Pollution, abrasive dust and oil reduce the life of the gear transmission. In such conditions, either protection of the drive is required, or the choice of a belt with an appropriate coating and cord.
A properly selected and installed timing belt ensures stable motion transmission, accurate synchronization, and predictable service life. Subject to geometry and tension
