For the normal functioning of any boiler house, regardless of the type of fuel burned, a single basic technological scheme is used. Differences can only be found in the conditions of storage and supply of fuel, as well as in the design of the combustion devices themselves. It is worth noting that for Russian conditions the scheme of production and heating boiler houses is most applicable, due to the need to generate heat for a significant part of the year. Most of the enterprises, which use a separate method of generating electricity and heat, install their own boiler houses.
Schematic diagram
The central element of the boiler room is the boiler plant itself. It is represented by a complex of various devices, assemblies and mechanisms, the joint work of which allows you to obtain water vapor or heat water to the desired temperature. Moreover, both can be obtained using the heat from the combustion of organic fuel in special heat exchangers. They, in turn, represent hot water or steam boilers. Applicable for solid fuel boilers, the technological scheme is as follows:
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Boiler unit. Heating surfaces are important elements, represented by pipes washed on one side with combustion products, and on the other - with water and a steam-water mixture. Flue gases are separated from the surrounding space by lining. And part of the steam boiler , in which direct combustion takes place fuel is called a firebox.
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Fuel supply and preparation system. To reduce logistics costs, a consumable storage /bunker is located in the immediate vicinity of the units. The capacity must ensure the uninterrupted operation of the boilers turned on at maximum power for one hour. For deliveries from a solid fuel warehouse, internal transport or highways are used. And when burning fuel oil, storage tanks, heating devices in the cold season, a pipeline, as well as pumps for transportation.
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Slag and ash removal system. For solid fuels only. Required for automatic ash and slag removal.
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Draft system. By means of a draft fan, the air flow is supplied to the firebox. The system also ensures the movement of combustion products through the gas ducts and their removal into the environment.
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Boiler water treatment and feed system. Filtration system to remove impurities from natural water.
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Heat treatment mechanisms. Equipment whose main task is to maintain the specified parameters (pressure, flow rate, temperature) of heat carriers.
A boiler room for water heating is also similar in structure to a steam one. Some differences are found only in the systems of heat supply, power supply, control, management and safety of the boilers.
